Cava: The Spanish gem among sparkling wines
Cava is a sparkling wine from Spain that has gained popularity for its quality, rich flavour and unique character. It comes mainly from the Penedès region of Catalonia, although its production is also permitted in other parts of the country. It is a wine traditionally associated with celebrations, but its history and production process offer much more than just bubbles in a glass.
History of Cava production
Cava began to be produced in the mid-19th century, when Catalan winemakers were looking for a way to compete with French champagne. They were inspired by the traditional ‘méthode champenoise’ and a key figure was Josep Raventós, who first produced sparkling wine in the Sant Sadurní d'Anoia area. This region soon gained the status of the centre of Cava production.
The original grape varieties used to produce Cava included Macabeu, Xarello and Parellada – a trio that remains the mainstay of production to this day. Starting in 1972, the designation ‘Cava’ was officially recognised as a category under Spanish wine regulations.
How is Cava made?
Cava is produced using the traditional method (also known as the ‘méthode traditionnelle’), which ensures high quality and a delicate effervescence. This process involves several steps:
Grape harvesting:The grapes are harvested by hand to ensure their quality remains intact. Varieties such as Macabeu contribute to the fruity character, Xarello adds freshness and Parellada elegance.
Primary fermentation:The grapes are pressed and the juice ferments in stainless steel tanks to produce a ‘base wine’ without bubbles.
Secondary fermentation: The base wine is bottled with sugar and yeast. These ingredients cause a secondary fermentation in the bottle, producing the characteristic bubbles.
Ageing:The bottles are stored horizontally and left to age for at least 9 months, with some premium Cavas aged for several years.
Disgorging (dégorgement):After ageing, the sediment deposited in the neck of the bottle is removed. The process may involve immersing the neck of the bottle in a frozen solution and removing the frozen sediment plug.
Dosage:A small amount of sugar is added to the wine to achieve the desired degree of sweetness (from Brut Nature to Dolce).
Classification of Cava according to sugar content
Cava is classified into different categories according to its sugar content, which influences its flavour profile:
Brut Nature:Sugar content is less than 3 grams per litre, with no sugar added during the ‘dosage’ process. This is the most natural and driest version of Cava.
Extra Brut: Sugar content is between 0 and 6 grams per litre. This category is still very dry, but with a subtle hint of sweetness.
Brut: Sugar content is up to 12 grams per litre. This is the most common and versatile category, suitable for a wide range of dishes.
Extra Seco (Extra Dry): Sugar content is between 12–17 grams per litre. It has a subtle sweetness that is still balanced.
Seco (Dry): Sugar content is between 17–32 grams per litre. This category is sweeter and suitable for desserts.
Semi-Seco (Semi-Dry): The sugar content is between 32 and 50 grams per litre. This is a very sweet version, often served on special occasions.
Dolce (Sweet): The sugar content exceeds 50 grams per litre. This version is distinctly sweet and is often paired with desserts.
Interesting facts about Cava
The name ‘Cava’: The word ‘cava’ means “cellar” or ‘cave’ and refers to the traditional cellars where the bottles are aged.
Ecology: Many vineyards in Penedès are converting to organic or biodynamic production, promoting sustainable winemaking practices.
Quality categories: Cava is classified according to its ageing period into basic Cava, Reserva (minimum 15 months) and Gran Reserva (minimum 30 months).
Unique varieties: In addition to traditional varieties, international varieties such as Chardonnay or Pinot Noir are sometimes used to enrich its flavour profile.
Cava today
Today, Cava is a symbol of Spanish wine excellence and has become popular not only on the domestic market but also around the world. With its wide range of flavours and affordability, it is the ideal choice for any occasion, from informal gatherings to luxurious celebrations.
If you are looking for a sparkling wine that combines tradition, quality and unique character, Cava is the right choice. Try it and let yourself be carried away by its sparkle and elegance.
